EXAMINE THE ROLE OF WORK ETHIC IN STRENGTHENING THE INFLUENCE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE AND COMPETENCE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36085/jam-ekis.v9i2.9337Abstrak
The Probolinggo Correctional Institution Class IIB plays a vital role in the implementation of correctional functions. Employee performance is a key factor in the success of any institution; therefore, work-life balance and competence are considered crucial in influencing work ethic and overall productivity. This study aims to examine the impact of work-life balance and competence on the performance of employees at Probolinggo Class IIB Prison, as well as the mediating role of work ethic in this relationship. The research employed a quantitative survey approach, involving a sample of employees from Probolinggo Class IIB Prison. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the WarpPLS statistical tool. The results indicate that work-life balance and competence have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Additionally, work-life balance and competence positively and significantly influence employee work ethic. Work ethic was found to mediate and strengthen the relationship between work-life balance, competence, and performance improvement. Therefore, work ethic is a critical factor linking competence and work-life balance to the performance of prison employees. It is recommended that prison management implement ongoing programs that support work-life balance and competency training to achieve optimal professionalism and productivity.
Referensi
Ananda, S., & Hadi, H. K. (2023). The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Employee Work Ethic on Employee Competence with Performance as an Intervening Variable. Journal of Imperative Syntax : Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 4(5), 587–600. Https://Doi.Org/10.36418/Syntax-Imperatif.V4i5.289
Angin, S. A. P., & Ramadhani, S. (2022). The Influence of Competence and Work Ethic on the Performance of Employees of the Batang Kuis Sub-district Office. Business Economics Management and Accounting (EBMA), 3, 328–341.
Aries Saputra, Sonny Subroto, & Nuril Aulia Munawaroh. (2023). The Influence of Work Ethic, Work Discipline on the Performance of Ud. Madyo Lancar Kediri Regency. Ppiman: Center for Publications in Management Science, 1(4), 171–183. Https://Doi.Org/10.59603/Ppiman.V1i4.125
Arifin, A., Magito, M., Perkasa, D. H., & Febrian, W. D. (2023). The Effect of Compensation, Competence and Work Conflict on Employee Performance. Global: Journal of Bitep Lanterns, 1(01), 24–33. Https://Doi.Org/10.59422/Global.V1i01.130
Arista Dwi Maharani1, Roni Kambara2, E. K. (2025). The Influence of Work Ethic and Competence on Work-Life Balance with Performance as Intervening Variables. Academic Journal of Economics & Business Students, 5(2), 611–626.
Arvian Azhril Rahmadani1, M. W. (2023). The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Workload on Employee Performance of Pt. Dock and Shipping Surabaya Arvian. Journal of Management Science Studies, 3(3), 473–479.
Azizah, E. N., Orinaldi, M., & Rohana, R. (2023). The Influence of Work Ethic and Entrepreneurial Competence on MSME Performance in Member of the Muaro Jambi MSME Association (Asumkmuja) Evi Nur Azizah Mohammad Orinaldi Rohana Rohana. Journal of Research and Scientific Works, 1(6), 149–166.
Baskoro, A. N., Indarto, I., & Budiati, Y. (2024). Analysis of the Influence of Work-Life Balance and Competency on the Work Ethic of Kpp Madya Semarang Dua Employees with Performance as an Intervening Variable. Jekkp (Journal of Economics, Finance and Public Policy), 6(1), 30–45. Https://Doi.Org/10.30743/Jekkp.V6i1.9174
Bayu, M., Putro, S., Wajdi, F., & Surakarta, U. M. (2024). The Influence Of Work-Life Balance And Work Ethic On Employee Performance Employee Performance With Job Asfacaon As An Intervening Variable The Influence Of Work-Life Balance And Work Ethic On Employee Performance With Job Satisfaction As An Interv Variable. Management Studies And Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(1), 2651–2659.
Dinda Permatasari, Dewi Andriani, & Vera Firdaus. (2024). The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Work Ethic on Employee Competence with Performance as an Intervening Variable. El-Mal: Journal of Islamic Economic & Business Studies, 5(6), 3076–3092. Https://Doi.Org/10.47467/Elmal.V5i6.2069
Dwinanda, G., Zulhj, R. A. A., & Islam, M. F. (2023). The Influence of Work Discipline Competencies and Work Ethic on Employee Work Effectiveness. Journal of Management of Stie Muhammadiyah Palopo, 9(1), 61. Https://Doi.Org/10.35906/Jurman.V9i1.1517
Endrianto, T. (2021). The Influence of Work Ethic on Employee Performance in Kalidoni District, Palembang City. Journal of Administrative Studies, 3(1), 46–57. Https://Doi.Org/10.47995/Jian.V3i1.52
Fajar, G. M. (2024). Analysis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Work-Life Balance in Improving the Performance of Generation Z Employees at Pt Galang Tinggi Raya. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(1), 295–301. Https://Doi.Org/10.35870/Emt.V8i1.2072
Scarlet Witch. (2025). The Effect of Remuneration, and Work-Life Balance on Performance through Employee Job Satisfaction of Pt . Services. Mapan: Journal of Accounting Management Palapa Nusantara, 10(1), 45–59.
Faustina, N. G., & Julianti, E. (2024). The Effect of Work-Life Balance on Employee Performance through Employee Job Satisfaction Mediation of the Technical Implementation Unit and the Sidoarjo Center of the East Java Provincial Social Service. Scientific Journal of Batanghari University of Jambi, 24(1), 643. Https://Doi.Org/10.33087/Jiubj.V24i1.3615
Finthariasari, M. F., Harini, R., Islamuddin, I., Febriawati, H., & Putra, J. R. (2024). The Influence Of Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction And Job Stress On Turnover Intention. Ekombis Review: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(2), 2305-2314.
Paradise. (2022). The Influence of Work Ethic, Work Discipline and Work Environment on Employee Performance. Mirai Journal of Management, 7(1), 307–318.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Multivariate Analysis Application with IBM Spss 25 Program 9th Edition. The Unsung Heroes - Unstoppable. Https://Doi.Org/979-704-015-1
Harefa, R. P., & Veri, J. (2024). Employee Performance: Work Environment, Work Ethic, and Work Discipline through Job Satisfaction in the Leadership Administration Bureau. Indo-Fintech Intellectuals: Journal Of Economics And Business, 4(5), 1948–1959.
Hidayat, R. (2022). The influence of work ethic, leadership style and work environment on employee performance. Scientific Journal of Educational Forums Https://Jurnal.Unibrah.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Jiwp, 8(3), 178–183. Https://Doi.Org/10.5281/Zenodo.6545885
Hutapea, N. W., Sinurat, E. J., & Siregar, S. (2025). The Influence of Employee Engagement, Work-Life Balance, and Talent Management on Employee Performance at the North Tapanuli Regency Agriculture Office. Riggs: Journal Of Artificial Intelligence And Digital Business, 4(2), 2318–2325. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Riggs.V4i2.847
Hutosoit, A. H. M., Pono, M., & Jilbert, J. (2023). The role of leadership and competence towards the work ethic of Gowa Regency Regional Secretariat employees. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 275–288. Https://Doi.Org/10.37476/Jbk.V12i3.3978
Idris, R., & Alam, S. (2024). The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Work Ethic on Competence: The Role of Work Performance as an Intervening Variable. Management Studies And Entrepreneurship Journal, December.
Indradewa, R., & Prasetio, A. A. (2023). The Influence Of Flexible Working Arrangements And Work-Life Balance On Job Satisfaction: A Double-Layered Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Economics and Business, 26(2), 449–476. Https://Doi.Org/10.24914/Jeb.V26i2.9551
Irawan, M. A., Hermansyur, H. M., & Ardiani, W. (2023). The Influence of Competence and Work Ethic on Performance with Commitment as a Mediation Variable in BPSDM. Journal of Accounting of Economic Management and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 52–61.
Ismi Kusuma Dewi, Purwadhi, & Yani Restiani Widjaja. (2023). The Effect of Competence and Work-Life Balance on Work Ethic with Employee Performance as an Intervening Variable. Journal Of Social And Economics Research, 5(2), 1500–1517. Https://Doi.Org/10.54783/Jser.V5i2.243
Jina Andarista, Nurdin Latif, J. (2024). The Effect of Work-Life Balance on Employee Job Satisfaction at Pt Ide Kreasi Warna Makassar Management Study Program " The Effect of Work-Life Balance on Employee Job Satisfaction. Lokawati: Journal of Management Research and Research Innovation, 2(6).
Jurnal, E., Economics, I., & Arna, R. (2024). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Ethic on Work Productivity through Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable at Pt Makin Group Tbk Tebo. Existing: Scientific Journal of Economics and Business, 15(2), 69–79. Https://Doi.Org/10.33087/Eksis.V15i2.461
Cashmere. (2019). Human Resource Management (Theory and Practice).
Kumar, S. (2022). The Impact Of Talent Management Practices On Employee Turnover And Retention Intentions. Global Business And Organizational Excellence, 41(2), 21–34. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Joe.22130
Kurniasari, D. M., & Bahjahtullah, Q. M. (2022). The Effect of Work Life Balance, Work Stress and Islamic Work Ethics on the Performance of Millennial Employees during the Covid 19 Pandemic with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Case Study of Bank Btn Syariah Kc Solo). Ratio: Journal of Sharia Banking, 8(1), 23–39. Https://Doi.Org/10.30997/Jn.V8i1.5706
Lestari, T., Ibtisamah, A. B., & Damhudi, D. (2024). The Role of Life Balance and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture. Journal of Business Administration, 4(November), 60–68.
Lyle M. Spencer, S. M. S. (1993). Competence At Work: Models For Superior Performance. John Wiley & Sons, Limited.
Munandar Naim, Rosnaini Daga, A. S. (2024). The Influence of Information Technology Systems and Work Ethic on Employee Performance through Spiritual Intelligence. Journal of Nitro Management Science, 3, 56–64.
Nurjana, Rosita, S., & Sumarni. (2022). The Effect of Work-Life Balance, Work Competence on Employee Work Ethic and Employee Performance as Intervening Variables at the Head Office of Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara Vi. Journal of Management Dynamics, 10(3), 95–106.
Onsardi, O., & Finthariasari, M. (2025). Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia Yang Efektif. Padang. Literasi Langsung Terbit.
Pujianti, A., Kusumah, A., & Hinggo, H. T. (2025). The Influence of Environment, Work Ethic and Work Discipline on Employee Performance ( Study on Pt . We are Tapung ). Scientific Journal of Independent Students Emba, 4(1), 1437–1450.
Putra, F. M., & Indrawijaya, S. (2024). The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance Moderated by Spiritual Leadership at the Jambi Provincial Environmental Service. Journal of Applied Management and Finance (Mankeu), 13(05), 1522–1534.
Putri, S. (2024). The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance on Cv. Makassar's Main Core Mainstay. Journal of Management and Business, 2(2), 115–121.
Putri, Y. I. P., Wyati Saddewisasi, & Djoko Santoso. (2023). The Effect of Competence, Emotional Intelligence, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance with Motivation as a Moderating Variable (Study on Pt. Pantjatunggal Knitting Mill Semarang). Jemsi (Journal of Economics, Management, and Accounting), 9(4), 1113–1131. Https://Doi.Org/10.35870/Jemsi.V9i4.1231
Radista, M. Y., & Edalmen. (2024). The Effect Of Competency On Performance Through Employee Engagement On Retail Employees In Jakarta. Journal Of Managerial And Entrepreneurship, 06(04), 992–1000.
Rahmayati, T. E. (2021). Work-life balance in working women. Journal of Ganesha Polytechnic Institute Medan Juripol, Volume, 4(2), 129–141. Https://Doi.Org/10.33395/Juripol.V4i2.11098
Ramdhani, D. Y., & Rasto, D. (2021). Work Life Balance as a Factor Affecting Employee Performance. Managerial Journal, 20(1), 98–106. Https://Doi.Org/10.17509/Manajerial.V20i1.29670
Romdoni, P. S. R., & Finthariasari, M. (2025). Kinerja Karyawan Perusahaan Umum Damri Lampung. Jurnal Entrepreneur dan Manajemen Sains (JEMS), 6(1), 42-51.
Sari, H. N. (2025). The Influence of Servant Leadership, Leader Member Exchange, and Locus of Control on Teacher Performance with Work Life Balance as an Intervening Variable at SMAN 3 Lengayang South Pesisir Regency. Indonesian Research Journal On Education, 2(3), 1030–1037.
Setyo Widodo, D., & Yandi, A. (2022). Employee Performance Model: Competence, Compensation and Motivation, (Literature Review Msdm). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 1(1), 1–14. Https://Doi.Org/10.38035/Jim.V1i1.1
Silalahi, F. A., Wibowo, E. A., & Hasibuan, R. (2021). The Influence of Communication, Work Discipline, Work Ethic, and Physical Work Environment on Employee Performance of Pt. Esun Internasional Utama Indonesia Batam. Equilibiria: Journal of the Faculty of Economics, 8(2), 118–128. Https://Doi.Org/10.33373/Jeq.V8i2.3818
However, R. V. Y., & Sawitri, H. S. R. (2022). The Effect Of Work From Home Toward Work-Life Balance And Productivity With Work Stress As A Mediating Variable: Study On Employees Of Financial Services Authority (Ojk Ri). Asian Management And Business Review, 2(2), 176–192. Https://Doi.Org/10.20885/Ambr.Vol2.Iss2.Art6
Sugiyono. (2016). Educational Research Methods: Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Approaches. Alphabet, 2016.
Sundari, G. D., & Putri, E. R. (2023). The Influence of Competence, Work Discipline and Physical Work Environment on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as a Mediator. Journal of Mirai Management, 8(2), 127–138.
Suswati, E., Alhasani, I., & Wahyono, G. B. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Competency and Commitment on Employee Performance through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as Mediation. Journal of Social Technology, 1(9), 106–120. Https://Doi.Org/10.36418/Jurnalsostech.V1i9.206
Thalia, D., Aliya, S., Gunarto, M., & Helmi, S. (2024). The Influence Of Employee Engagement And Work Environment On Employee Performance At Pt. Agronusa Alam Perkasa. Journal of Economics, 13(1), 2278–2290. Https://Doi.Org/10.54209/Ekonomi.V13i01
Wiratna Sujarweni, V. (2014). Research Methodology: Complete, Practical, and Easy to Understand/V. Wiratna Sujarweni (Print Pe). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baru Press, 2014.
Zaky, M. (2022). The impact of work-life balance on employee satisfaction and performance. Branding: Scientific Journal of Management and Business, 72–86.
Zalogo, S. A., Saputra, A., & Hendri, M. (2024). The Influence of Work Ethic and Work Discipline on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at Pt. Adhya Adhikari Gemilang (Yoku Yatta Medan). Business Scene, 1(1).
