Smart Aquarium Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things Using AP Mode Wi-Fi Provisioning and QR Code Authentication

Abstract

Aquarium maintenance requires regular water-quality monitoring and device control. This study aims to develop AquaSmart, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart aquarium monitoring system that integrates temperature, pH, and turbidity monitoring with fish-feeding, aeration-pump, and lighting controls. The system uses an ESP32, DS18B20 and PH-4502C sensors, a turbidity sensor, a Flutter mobile application, and a Laravel-based web administration panel. Network setup is implemented through AP Mode WiFi provisioning and a Captive Portal, while device pairing uses a QR Code. Evaluation comprises functional testing, comparison of sensor readings against reference instruments, and latency measurement. The results show mean relative errors of 1.08% for temperature, 2.05% for pH, and 2.90% for turbidity. All 34 functional test scenarios were successfully completed (100%). Sensor acquisition, relay control, and servo activation latencies were 242 ms, 310 ms, and 385 ms, respectively. These findings indicate that AquaSmart integrates aquarium water-quality monitoring and device control within a single system.