Analisis Faktor Risiko Status Gizi pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Telaga Dewa Kota Bengkulu

Retni Retni; Julius Habibi; Heli Nurcahyanti Hulmia; Muhammad  Hatta; Resty Ryadinency

doi:10.36085/avicenna.v20i3.9335

Authors

Retni Retni Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu
Julius Habibi Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu
Heli Nurcahyanti Hulmia Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu
Muhammad Hatta Universitas Ratu Samban
Resty Ryadinency Universitas Mega Buana Palopo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36085/avicenna.v20i3.9335

Abstract

Background: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia. In Bengkulu City, the burden of CED remains high and impacts the risk of low birth weight and pregnancy complications. Objective: To analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge, energy intake, and protein intake with the nutritional status of pregnant women in the working area of Telaga Dewa Health Center, Bengkulu City. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 71 pregnant women who underwent antenatal examinations at Telaga Dewa Health Center from January to May 2025. Data were collected through interviews using a nutritional knowledge questionnaire and a 2×24-hour food recall form to assess energy and protein intake. Nutritional status was measured using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), classified as CED if <23.5 cm. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: A total of 38.0% of pregnant women were categorized as having poor nutritional status. There were significant associations between nutritional knowledge (χ² = 12.49; p = 0.002), energy intake (χ² = 5.90; p = 0.015), and protein intake (χ² = 4.96; p = 0.026) with the nutritional status of pregnant women. Conclusion: Low nutritional knowledge, insufficient energy, and inadequate protein intake are significantly associated with poor maternal nutritional status. Strengthening nutrition education programs through

family-based pregnancy classes and promoting local protein sources such as fish, eggs, and tempeh are recommended to improve maternal nutrition and prevent CED during pregnancy. Suggestion: It is recommended to strengthen practical nutrition education, promote the consumption of local protein sources, provide individualized nutrition counseling, and ensure routine MUAC screening to prevent CED.

Keywords: Pregnant women; nutritional knowledge; energy intake; protein intake; MUAC.

References

Kesehatan. (2023). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2023. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Dari, S. W., Defrin, & Reza, M. (2021). Relationship between Protein Intake and Serum Albumin Levels in First Trimester Chronic Energy Deficient Pregnant Women in Padang City. Science Midwifery, 9(2), 449– 453. www.midwifery.iocspublisher.org

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu Tahun 2023. Bengkulu: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bengkulu.

Ethasari, R. K., Anantanyu, S., & Kusnandar. (2019). Protein intake and daily activities influence to infant birth weight. International Journal of Public Health Science, 8(1), 65–69.

https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.163 05

Figa, Z., Temesgen, T., Mahamed, A. A., & Bekele, E. (2024). The effect of maternal undernutrition on adverse obstetric outcomes among women who attend antenatal care in Gedeo zone public hospitals, cohort study design. BMC Nutrition, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-024- 00870-w

Fitriani, F., Yarmaliza, Y., & Farisni, T. N. (2024). Analyzing the Level of Knowledge, Food Consumption Diversity, and Nutritional Intake on Chronic Energy Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Stunting Prevention. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 6(2), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2024.6 .2.1939

Hardinsyah, & Tambunan, V. (2022). Gizi ibu dan anak. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.

Harna, H., Rahmawati, R., Irawan, A. M. A., & Sa’pang, M. (2024). Prevalence and determinant factors of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 9(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v9i1.14 43

Hasritawati, H., & Madeni, B. (2024). The Relationship Between Knowledge And Nutritional Status With The Incidence Of Edema During Pregnancy. JKM (Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati), 10(4), 378–383. https://doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v10i4.147 73

Indarti, J., Wonodihardjo, H. S., Sianipar, K. A., & Antoniman, M. A. (2023). Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 11(B), 474–479. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023. 8509

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Khammarnia, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., kakhki, F. G., Clark, C. C. T., & Barahouei, F. B. (2024). Maternal macronutrient and energy intake during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024- 17862-x

Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., Hay, W. W., Hernandez, T. L., Krebs, N. F., Oken, E., Purnell, J. Q., Roberts, J. M., Soltani, H., Wallace, J., & Thornburg, K. L. (2022). The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 226(5), 607–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12. 035

Najpaverova, S Kovarik M, Kacerovsky M, Zadak Z., & Hronek M. (2020). The relationship Of Nutritional Energy And Macronutrient Intake With Pregnancy Outcomes In Czech Pregnant Women. Nutrients, 12 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041152.

Rahayu, T. H. S., Suryani, R. L., & Utami, T. (2021). Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting pada balita di Desa Kedawung Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Banjar negara.Borneo Nursing Journal (BNJ), 4(1). https://akperyarsismd.e-journal.id/BNJ

Sri Fauziana, & Adhila Fayasari. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Keragaman Pangan, Dan Asupan Gizi Makro Mikro Terhadap Kek Pada Ibu Hamil. Binawan Student Journal, 2(1), 191–

https://doi.org/10.54771/bsj.v2i1.107

UNICEF. (2024). The State of the World’s Children 2024: Maternal Nutrition and Global Health Equity. New York: UNICEF.

World Health Organization. (2023). Global Nutrition Report 2023: Progress towards ending malnutrition. Geneva: WHO.