ENHANCING SOLDIERS’ SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE THROUGH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND COMPENSATION: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36085/jam-ekis.v9i1.9440Abstract
This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership and compensation on sustainable performance, with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a mediating variable among soldiers of the 509th Infantry Battalion. Using an explanatory research approach, data were collected from 80 soldiers through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results show that transformational leadership and compensation significantly improve sustainable performance. Both variables also positively influence OCB, which in turn enhances sustainable performance. Mediation testing confirms that OCB partially mediates the effects of transformational leadership and compensation on sustainable performance, indicating that voluntary extra-role behaviors serve as an important behavioral pathway through which leadership and compensation strengthen long-term performance stability. The novelty of this research lies in integrating sustainable performance with leadership, compensation, and OCB within a military context—an area that remains underexplored in previous studies. This study also provides new empirical evidence on how OCB functions as a strategic mediator in high-discipline, high-risk organizational environments. The findings contribute theoretically by reinforcing models of transformational leadership, compensation, OCB, and sustainable performance, while practically offering recommendations for strengthening leadership practices, compensation fairness, and voluntary behaviors to enhance long-term operational readiness in military units.
References
Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity In Social Exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267–299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60108-2
Aftab, M., Bokhari, S. A. A., & Ali, M. (2024). An empirical study on individual performance and turnover intention among university employees: a multiple mediation model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-11-2021-0608
Ajabar. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. In CV BUDI UTAMA.
Arifin, S., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2024). Fostering employee performance of civil servants in Indonesia: The mediating role of organisational citizenship behaviour. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2412
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. Sage. Thousand Oaks.
Fachrurazi, F., Yulia, R., Anantadjaya, S. P., & Nawangwulan, I. M. (2023). The Impact of Compensation, Work Environment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on Geothermal Employee Job Satisfaction. Al-Kharaj: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v5i1.3661
Fahreza, D., Setyono, L., & Nurtjahjono, G. (2023). How to improve Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture? (Study on Employees of PT Anugrah Agung Pratama Kota Kediri). Equity: Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.33019/equity.v11i1.164
Ferdinand, A. (2016). Metode Penelitian Manajemen: Pedoman Penelitian untuk Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi Ilmu Manajemen. In BP Undip 2. https://doi.org/10.4304/jcp.8.2.326-333
Gandung, M. (2021). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Kinerja Dan Prilaku Berorganisasi. In Cv.Aa. Rizky.
Gerhart, B., & Rynes, S. (2003). Compensation: Theory, Evidence, and Strategic Implications. SAGE Publications.
Gunawan, E. F., Sudarmiatin, S., & Churiyah, M. (2024). The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Compensation on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i1.478
Harahap, T. K., Hasibuan, S., Pratikna, R. N., Ahmad, M. I. S., Novarini, N. N. A., Widiawati, W., Sanjaya, R., Riesso, A. S., Batubara, N. A., Nurdiana, Suyanto, & Abdurrahim. (2021). MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA. In Penerbit Tahta Media.
Hasibuan. (2018). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Ed. Revisi). PT Bumi Aksara.
Hundie, Z. A., & Habtewold, E. M. (2024). The Effect of Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles on Employees’ Level of Performance: The Case of Hospital in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 16. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S450077
Imbron, I., & Pamungkas, I. B. (2021). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. In Widina Media Utama.
Jakaria, R. B., Sukmono, T., & Sumarmi, W. (2022). Manajemen Organisasi dan Sumber Daya Manusia. In Buku Ajar Manajemen Organisasi dan Sumber Daya Manusia. https://doi.org/10.21070/2022/978-623-464-058-8
Khabibulloh, M. N., Khuzaini, K., & Suwitho, S. (2023). The Effect Of Motivation And Compensation On Employee Performance Mediated By Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Study On Sinergia Group Indonesia). Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.46799/jst.v4i9.822
Nelwan, O. S., & Lengkong, V. P. K. (2024). The Influence of Knowledge Sharing, Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Job Satisfaction in the Msmes Sector in Minahasa. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i1.4312
Oktavia, N. M., Yuliati, U., & Riyanto, D. W. U. (2022). The Effect of Compensation and Work Environment on Production Employee Performance with OCB As Mediation Variable. Jamanika (Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan), 2(02). https://doi.org/10.22219/jamanika.v2i02.21960
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington Books.
Parela, E. (2022). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. In Cv. Eureka Media Aksara.
Prayuda, B., & Herminingsih, A. (2024). The Effect of Organizational Justice, Compensation, and Work Motivation to Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance at PT. Recruitfirst Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Business Analytics, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.55927/ijba.v4i1.7906
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2024). Organizational Behavior (19th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Saefulla, E., Putra, A. R., & Hartoko, G. (2022). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. In Eureka Media Aksara: Vol. Pertama.
Sakti, O. P., Kurniawati, D. T., & Rahayu, M. (2023). The Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Employee Performance Mediated by Innovative Work Behavior. Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.59188/devotion.v4i9.563
Shang, K. C., Kuo, S. Y., Hsu, S. W., Lai, P. L., & Ye, K. D. (2024). Leader-member exchange, team-member exchange, employee satisfaction, and service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in the international logistics industry: The moderating effect of the service climate. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2023.101072
Sharma, R. K., & Kaur, S. (2024). Analysing the mediating role of organisational citizenship behaviour between transformational leadership and education 4.0 using PLS-SEM approach. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2023-0322
Sugiyono. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Triani, F., Halin, H., & Wadud, M. (2020). Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Employee Performance at PT Surya Dermato Medica Palembang. International Journal of Community Service & Engagement, 1(1).
Warella, samuel y., Revida, E., Abdillah, leon a., Pulungan, delyana r., Purba, S., Firfaus, E., Tjiptadi, D. D., Faisal, M., Lie, D., Butarbutar, M., & Kato, I. (2021). Penilaian Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia. In Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Yuriani, R., & Chaerul Rizky, M. (2023). The Influence of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at Airport Authority Office Region II Medan with Compensation as Intervening Variables. Sinomics Journal, 2(3).
