THE EFFECT OF AUDIT COMMITTEES, CAPITAL INTENSITY, AND GENDER DIVERSITY ON TAX AVOIDANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36085/jamekis.v8i3.8784Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effects of audit committees—measured by audit committee size and expertise—capital intensity, and gender diversity on tax avoidance, with company size as a control variable. A total of 140 samples were selected using purposive sampling. The secondary data were obtained from the annual and financial reports of infrastructure, property, and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. Multiple linear regression was employed as the quantitative analysis tool. The results indicate that audit committee size and expertise have a negative effect on tax avoidance, meaning that larger audit committees and those with higher expertise are associated with lower levels of corporate tax avoidance. In contrast, capital intensity and gender diversity have no significant effect on tax avoidance. These findings underscore the importance of the audit committee’s role as a corporate governance mechanism in curbing tax avoidance practices
References
Arisandi, B. E., Basri, Y. M., & Azhari. (2024). Pengaruh Diversitas Gender Dewan Direksi, Kompensasi Eksekutif, Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi Dan Auditing, 20(2). Jkaa.Bunghatta.Ac.Id
Arora, A., Li, J., Zantye, M. S., & Hasan, M. M. F. (2020). Design Standardization Of Unit Operations For Reducing The Capital Intensity And Cost Of Small‐Scale Chemical Processes. Aiche Journal, 66(2), E16802. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Aic.16802
Ashrafi, M., Magnan, G. M., Adams, M., & Walker, T. R. (2020). Understanding The Conceptual Evolutionary Path And Theoretical Underpinnings Of Corporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Sustainability. Sustainability, 12(3), 760. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Su12030760
Belz, T., Hagen, D. Von, & Steffens, C. (2016). R&D Intensity And The Effective Tax Rate: A Meta-Regression Analysis. Journal Of Economic Surveys, 0(0), 1–23. Https://Doi.Org/Doi: 10.1111/Joes.12181
Berliana, T., & Herawaty, V. (2024). Ceo Narcissism, Board Gender Diversity, Dan Manajemen Laba Terhadap Tax Avoidance Sektor Basic Materials: Moderasi Oleh Family Ownership. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 4(2), 749–758. Https://Doi.Org/10.25105/V4i2.20943
Cahyamustika, M. A., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2024). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Intensitas Modal, Dan Intensitas Persediaan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Geoekonomi, 15(1), 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/10.36277/Geoekonomi.V15i1.328
Cumming, D., & Leung, T. Y. (2021). Board Diversity And Corporate Innovation: Regional Demographics And Industry Context. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 29(3), 277–296. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Corg.12365
Damayanti, E., & Sitorus, R. R. (2024). Pengaruh Intensitas Modal, Intensitas Persediaan Dan Koneksi Politik Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Yang Dimoderasi Oleh Komite Manajemen Risiko. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 8(2), 1215–1238. Https://Doi.Org/10.31955/Mea.V8i2.4181
Dang, V. C., & Nguyen, Q. K. (2022). Audit Committee Characteristics And Tax Avoidance: Evidence From An Emerging Economy. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23322039.2021.2023263
Delgado, F. J., Fernández-Rodríguez, E., García-Fernández, R., Landajo, M., & Martínez-Arias, A. (2023). Tax Avoidance And Earnings Management: A Neural Network Approach For The Largest European Economies. Financial Innovation, 9(1), 19. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S40854-022-00424-8
Firdaus, V. A., & Poerwati, R. T. (2022). Pengaruh Intensitas Modal, Pertumbuhan Penjualan Dan Kompensasi Eksekutif Terhadap Penghindaran. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi, Vol. 13 No. 01 (2022). Https://Doi.Org/10.23887/Jimat.V13i01.38009
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach.
Hendayana, Y., Arief Ramdhany, M., Pranowo, A. S., Abdul Halim Rachmat, R., & Herdiana, E. (2024). Exploring Impact Of Profitability, Leverage And Capital Intensity On Avoidance Of Tax, Moderated By Size Of Firm In LQ45 Companies. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2371062. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2371062
Hendrianto, A. J., Suripto, S., Effriyanti, E., & Hidayati, W. N. (2022). Pengaruh Sales Growth, Capital Intensity, Kompensasi Eksekutif, Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Owner, 6(3), 3188–3199. Https://Doi.Org/10.33395/Owner.V6i3.1054
Hill, C. W. L., & Jones, T. M. (1992). Stakeholder‐Agency Theory. Journal Of Management Studies, 29(2), 131–154. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1467-6486.1992.Tb00657.X
Hilmi, M. F., Amalia, S. N., Amry, Z., & Setiawati, S. (2022). Pengaruh Dewan Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit, Leverage Dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017. Jurnal Akuntansi, 6.
Iksani, L. N. H., & Hutagaol, L. H. (2023). Thin Capitalization, Profitabilitas, Dan Gender Diversity Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Sebelum Dan Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Online Insan Akuntan, 8(2), 69–84.
Indaryanti, V. D., & As’ari, H. (2023). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Profitabilitas, Dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. VALUE, 4(2), 97–116. Https://Doi.Org/10.36490/Value.V4i2.932
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory Of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs And Ownership Structure. Journal Of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Karim, R., Roshid, Md. M., Dhar, B. K., Nahiduzzaman, Md., & Kuri, B. C. (2024). Audit Committee Characteristics And Sustainable Firms’ Performance: Evidence From The Financial Sector In Bangladesh. Business Strategy & Development, 7(4). Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Bsd2.70059
KNKG, D. (2021). Pedoman Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Berbasis Governance.
Lestari, L., & Dewi, E. K. (2024). Pengaruh Intensitas Modal, Pertumbuhan Penjualan Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Sektor Energi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2018-2022). JURNAL AKUNTANSI BARELANG, 8(2), 106–120. Https://Doi.Org/10.33884/Jab.V8i2.8718
Lisic, L. L., Myers, L. A., Seidel, T. A., & Zhou, J. (2019). Does Audit Committee Accounting Expertise Help To Promote Audit Quality? Evidence From Auditor Reporting Of Internal Control Weaknesses. Contemporary Accounting Research, 36(4), 2521–2553. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/1911-3846.12517
Lucut Capras, I., Achim, M. V., & Mara, E. R. (2024). Is Tax Avoidance One Of The Purposes Of Financial Data Manipulation? The Case Of Romania. The Journal Of Risk Finance. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/JRF-11-2023-0273
Mahdiana, M. Q., & Amin, M. N. (2020). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 7(1), 127–138. Https://Doi.Org/10.25105/Jat.V7i1.6289
Malik, M. S., Irfan, M., & Munir, S. (2025). Corporate Tax Avoidance And Firm Performance: The Moderating Role Of Ownership Concentration And Board Independence. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2448277. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2448277
Malik, M. S., & Munir, S. (2025). The Nexus Of Corporate Tax Avoidance And Firm Performance With The Moderating Effect Of Ownership Concentration And Board Independence: Evidence From Developing Economies. Cogent Business & Management. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2448277
Marlinda, D. E., Titisari, K. H., & Masitoh, E. (2020). Pengaruh Gcg, Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Ekonomis: Journal Of Economics And Business, 4(1), 39. Https://Doi.Org/10.33087/Ekonomis.V4i1.86
Mauren, J., & Purwaningsih, E. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Kompetensi Komite Audit Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. 7(8).
Muljadi, C., Hastuti, M. E., & Hananto, H. (2022). Tax Amnesty, Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. JURNAL INFORMASI, PERPAJAKAN, AKUNTANSI, DAN KEUANGAN PUBLIK, 17(2), 303–320. Https://Doi.Org/10.25105/Jipak.V17i2.12864
Nebie, M., & Cheng, M.-C. (2023). Corporate Tax Avoidance And Firm Value: Evidence From Taiwan. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), 2282218. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2282218
OECD. (2023). Recommendation Of The Council On OECD Legal Instruments Principles Of Corporate Governance.
Pasaribu, M. J. F., & Kawedar, W. (2024). Pengaruh Keragaman Gender Dewan Komisaris Dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Praktik Manajemen Laba. 13(3), 11.
Permata, A. D., Nurlaela, S., & Wahyuningsih, E. M. (2018). Pengaruh Size, Age, Profitability, Leverage Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak, 19(1), 10. Https://Doi.Org/10.29040/Jap.V19i1.171
Puspita, V. B., & Wulandari, S. (2023). Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kulitas Audit, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Tax Avoidance. J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Sains), 8(2), 1424. Https://Doi.Org/10.33087/Jmas.V8i2.1334
Rahman, M. J., Jia, L., & Sultana, R. (2021). Business Strategy And Systematic Risk: Evidence From China. Journal Of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 32(4), 99–117. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Jcaf.22514
Rankin, M., Ferlauto, K., Mcgowan, S., & Stanton, P. A. (2018). Contemporary Issues In Accounting (2nd Edition). John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Rouf, A., & Akhtaruddin, M. (2019). Corporate Governance Reporting In Bangladesh. International Journal Of Ethics And Systems, 36(1), 42–57. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/Ijoes-02-2019-0035
Shinta, S. H., & Putra, R. N. A. (2025). Pengaruh Board Gender Diversity Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Dengan Corporate Social Responsibility Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Shafin: Sharia Finance And Accounting Journal, 5(1), 29–56. Https://Doi.Org/10.19105/Sfj.V5i1.15923
Tanujaya, K., & Anggreany, E. (2021). Hubungan Dewan Direksi, Keberagaman Gender Dan Kinerja Berkelanjutan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(5), 1648–1666. Https://Doi.Org/10.32670/Fairvalue.V4i5.754
Wang, F., Xu, S., & Sun, J. (2019). Corporate Tax Avoidance: A Literature Review And Research Agenda. Journal Of Economic Surveys, 0(0), 1–19. Https://Doi.Org/Doi: 10.1111/Joes.12347
Xie, K., & Huang, W. (2023). The Impact Of Digital Transformation On Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence From China. Discrete Dynamics In Nature And Society, 2023, 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/10.1155/2023/8597326
Ziliwu, D. B., Surbakti, L. P., & Mashuri, A. A. S. (2021). Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Dengan Kualitas Audit Eksternal Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. EQUITY, 24(1), 101–122. Https://Doi.Org/10.34209/Equ.V24i1.2258